Intracellular Dynamics: Quantify the exact rates of intracellular reaction networks (fluxes) in living cells, microbes, and tissue cultures.

Please find exemplary publications below:

• Wiechert, W. (2001). 13C metabolic flux analysis. Metabolic Engineering, 3(3), 195–206.
• Zamboni, N., Fendt, S. M., Rühl, M., & Sauer, U. (2009). 13C-based metabolic flux analysis. Nature Protocols, 4(6), 878–892.
• Long, C. P., & Antoniewicz, M. R. (2019). High-resolution 13C metabolic flux analysis.Nature Protocols, 14(10), 2856–2877.

Pathway Interrogation: Track carbon atom transitions through central carbon metabolism to clearly differentiate between parallel pathways, such as alternative routes between glycolysis and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP).

Please find exemplary publications below:

• Lee, W. N. P., Boros, L. G., Puigjaner, J., Bassilian, S., Lim, S., & Cascante, M. (1998). Mass isotopomer study of the nonoxidative pathways of the pentose cycle with [1,2-13C2]glucose.  American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 274(5), E843–E851.
• Metallo, C. M., Walther, J. L., & Stephanopoulos, G. (2009). Evaluation of 13C isotopic tracers for metabolic flux analysis in mammalian cells. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 103(4), 754–768.
• Buescher, J. M., Antoniewicz, M. R., Boros, L. G. & Zamboni, N. (2015). A roadmap for interpreting 13C metabolite labeling patterns from cells. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 34, 189–201.

TCA Cycle Resolution: Map downstream carbon entry into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to evaluate mitochondrial performance under altered physiological conditions or drug treatments.

Please find exemplary publications below:

• DeBerardinis, R. J., Mancuso, A., Daikhin, E., Nissim, I., Yudkoff, M., Wehrli, S., & Thompson, C. B. (2007). Beyond aerobic glycolysis: transformed cells can engage in glutamine metabolism that exceeds the requirement for protein and nucleotide synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(49), 19345–19350.
• Metallo, C. M., Gameiro, P. A., Bell, E. L., Mattaini, K. R. & Stephanopoulos, G. (2011). Reductive glutamine metabolism by IDH1 mediates lipogenesis under hypoxia.Nature, 481(7381), 380–384.
• Mullen, A. R., Wheaton, W. W., Jin, E. S., Chen, P. H. & DeBerardinis, R. J. (2011). Reductive carboxylation supports growth in cells with respiratory chain defects. Nature, 481(7381), 385–388.

Premium Internal Standard: Utilize the +6 mass shift as an ideal internal standard in quantitative metabolomics workflows.

Please find exemplary publications below:

• Bennett, B. D., Yuan, J., Kimball, E. H., & Rabinowitz, J. D. (2008). Absolute quantitation of intracellular metabolite concentrations by an isotope ratio-based approach. Nature Protocols, 3(8), 1299–1311.
• Wu, L., Mashego, M. R., van Dam, J. C., Proell, A. M., Vinke, J. L., Ras, C., & Heijnen, J. J. (2005). Quantitative analysis of the microbial metabolome by isotope dilution mass spectrometry using uniformly 13C-labeled cell extracts as internal standards. Analytical Biochemistry, 336(2), 164–171.
• Jang, C., Chen, L., & Rabinowitz, J. D. (2018). Metabolomics and isotope tracing. Cell Metabolism, 27(4), 722–737.

Matrix Effect Correction: Correct perfectly for experimental errors, extraction losses, and chromatography-induced matrix ion suppression.

Please find exemplary publications below:

• Matuszewski, B. K., Constanzer, M. L., & Chavez-CM, C. M. (2003). Strategies for the assessment of matrix effect in quantitative bioanalytical methods based on HPLC−MS/MS. Analytical Chemistry, 75(13), 3019–3030.

• Matuszewski, B. K. (2006). Standard line slopes as a measure of a relative matrix effect in quantitative HPLC-MS bioanalysis. Journal of Chromatography B, 830(2), 293–300.

• Stokvis, E., Rosing, H., & Beijnen, J. H. (2005). Stable isotopically labeled internal standards in mass spectrometry-based bioanalysis as a strategy to overcome matrix effects. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 19(3), 401–407.

Stable Isotope Resolving Metabolomics (SIRM): Identify newly synthesized downstream metabolites across the cellular metabolome with zero chemical bias.

Please find exemplary publications below:

• Fan, T. W. M., Lane, A. N., Higashi, R. M., Farag, M. A., Gao, H., Bousamra, M., & Miller, D. M. (2009). Altered regulation of metabolic pathways in human lung cancer discerned by 13C stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM). Molecular Cancer, 8(1), 1–14.
• Lane, A. N., Fan, T. W. M., & Higashi, R. M. (2008). Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) in cell culture, tissue, and organisms.The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 40(2), 203–219.
• Lane, A. N., Fan, T. W. M., Bousamra II, M., Higashi, R. M., Yan, J., & Miller, D. M. (2011). Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) in cancer research with clinical application to non-small cell lung cancer. OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, 15(3), 173–182.

Protein & Nucleic Acid Structure: Simplify highly crowded spectra in high-resolution NMR experiments.

Please find exemplary publications below:

• Ikura, M., Kay, L. E., & Bax, A. (1990). A novel approach for sequential assignment of 1H,13C, and 15N spectra of larger proteins in solution: heterodimensional 3D NMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry, 29(19), 4659–4667.
• Clore, G. M., & Gronenborn, A. M. (1991). Structures of larger proteins in solution: three- and four-dimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Science, 252(5011), 1390–1399.
• Marley, J., Lu, M., & Bracken, C. (2001). A method for efficient isotopic labeling of recombinant proteins. Journal of Biomolecular NMR, 20(1), 71–75.

Heteronuclear Coupling: Enable advanced multidimensional (1H-13C HSQC/HMBC) configurations to determine complex three-dimensional biomolecular structures and dynamic binding interactions.

Please find exemplary publications below:

• Shuker, S. B., Hajduk, P. J., Meadows, R. P., & Fesik, S. W. (1996). Discovering high-affinity ligands for proteins: SAR by NMR. Science, 274(5292), 1531–1534.
• Palmer, A. G. (2004). NMR characterization of the dynamics of biomacromolecules. Chemical Reviews, 104(8), 3623–3640.
• Bax, A., & Grzesiek, S. (1993). Methodological advances in protein NMR. Accounts of Chemical Research, 26(4), 131–138.

Isotopic Base Medium: Serve as the primary, fully traceable carbon source in minimal media frameworks (e.g., M9 or specialized synthetic scripts) for microbial or cell culture fermentation.

Please find exemplary publications below:

• Van Winden, W. A., van Dam, J. C., Ras, C., Kleijn, R. J., Vinke, J. L., van Gulik, W. M., & Heijnen, J. J. (2005). Metabolic-flux analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D based on mass isotopomer measurements of 13c-labeled primary metabolites. FEMS Yeast Research, 5(6-7), 559–568.
• Dauner, M., & Sauer, U. (2001). GC-MS analysis of amino acids rapidly provides 13C-labeling patterns of intracellular metabolites. Biotechnology Progress, 17(4), 642–649.
• Sauer, U. (2006). Metabolic networks in motion: 13C-based flux analysis.Molecular Systems Biology, 2(1), msb4100109.

Downstream Target Labeling: Drive the expression of uniformly labeled recombinant proteins, antibodies, target lipids, or nucleic acids for secondary research pipelines.

Please find exemplary publications below:

• Ahn, W. S., & Antoniewicz, M. R. (2011). Metabolic flux analysis of CHO cells at growth and non-growth phases using isotopic tracers. Metabolic Engineering, 13(5), 598–609.
• Nikonowicz, E. P., Sirr, A., Legault, P., Jucker, F. M., Baer, L. M., & Pardi, A. (1992). Preparation of 13C/15N-labeled RNAs for NMR studies. Nucleic Acids Research, 20(17), 4507–4513.
• Cai, M., Huang, Y., Sakaguchi, K., Clore, G. M., Gronenborn, A. M., & Craigie, R. (1998). An efficient and cost-effective isotope labeling protocol for proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. Journal of Biomolecular NMR, 11(1), 97–102.

Chiral Building Block: Act as a stereochemically pure starting material in synthetic organic chemistry to generate complex, custom-labeled target molecules. 

Please find exemplary publications below:

• Hanessian, S. (1983). Total Synthesis of Natural Products: The 'Chiral Pool' Choice. Pergamon Press.
• Vederas, J. C. (1987). The use of stable isotopes in biosynthetic studies of natural products. Natural Product Reports, 4, 277–337.
• Lichtenthaler, F. W. (2002). Carbohydrates as green raw materials for the chemical industry. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2002(24), 4095–4122.